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For families in poor countries, risk and shocks such as storms and floods, illness and accidents, unemployment and civil conflict are often part of everyday life. This book provides comprehensive empirical evidence of risk management strategies in developing countries and how they impact on the lives of the poor. Possible strategies include (i) reducing risk factors, (ii) mitigating the impact of risks through formal insurance and insurance substitutes, and (iii) seeking support to better cope with negative shocks. The chapters...

In the course of the so-called energy transition, biomass makes a significant contribution to both energetic and material use. However, in the past a number of problem areas have become apparent that are associated with the cultivation and use of renewable raw materials that has been practiced up to now. In particular, the cultivation of renewable raw materials, which is geared towards a small number of crops, is associated with negative effects on agriculture and the environment. The cultivation and...

Accurately assessing customer requests and their expectations - this is of particular importance in a time of strong competitive markets. This is exactly where a careful analysis of the individual values ​​of customers can be helpful. Because: Values ​​have a lasting influence on our everyday thoughts and actions – including consumer behavior. This book explains the extent to which different values ​​and customer-specific characteristics can influence consumer behavior. The basis for this is the international research on human values ​​by...

Securities lending and repos are key instruments on the German financial markets. They support trading on the spot markets and make transactions on the futures markets possible in the first place. In 2008, however, they were considered the cause and accelerator of the financial crisis and some were banned. Wrongly so, as it turned out in hindsight. Rather, it is advisable to examine these instruments and use them to advantage depending on the strategy. This thesis is intended to present...

Appreciation by teachers towards students is generally considered relevant. For example, an appreciative attitude towards children is anchored in a variety of school concepts or is considered a pedagogical principle of teachers. However, it is often unclear how appreciation is specifically expressed in the context of school. Against this background, it is also questionable what influence appreciative behavior of teachers has on learners and their development. The author deals with this circumstance by considering appreciation as an attitude of teachers...

The educational success of learners is indisputably closely related to healthy, motivated teachers: the health of everyone involved in the teaching process promotes the quality of schools. In occupational medicine, there is an increasing impression that teachers, in particular, often describe themselves as burned out. The aim of the work is to develop a survey instrument in the context of health promotion for teachers, with which an individual resource use profile for maintaining and promoting health can be created. If...

Especially in times of economic tension, there is a feeling that financial markets do not contribute to the common good. In the course of increasing globalization, financial and currency crises not only harm the local polluters, but also seemingly uninvolved groups of society beyond national borders. Overall, international capital flows have a decisive influence on the development of the global economy due to their volume and speed. It is therefore necessary for financial markets to function in accordance with their...

In technical combustion processes, the interaction of the flame with the turbulent flow field plays a crucial role in the stability, safety and efficiency of energy conversion. Turbulent combustion is a three-dimensional multiscale phenomenon. In the operation of technical burners, transient combustion states such as spark and self-ignition, flame extinction and flashback can also occur. To investigate these phenomena, imaging laser-optical measurement methods are developed in this work and simultaneously applied to the measurement of transient flames in a turbulent...

Central banks have an important position in national economies because they influence fundamental economic parameters such as price levels, interest rates and exchange rates with monetary policy decisions. Due to the outstanding position of the central banks and the developments in the course of the financial crisis since 2007, the question arises to what extent monetary policy interventions can create stability and reduce the extent of crises. The present work offers an answer based on a macroeconomic portfolio model, in...

Zoo and cinema - two places of entertainment that caught the viewer's eye at the end of the 19th century. However, both places cannot simply be placed in parallel without addressing the multifaceted and complex relationship between animals and film in the 19th century. In the present book, the various forms of perception of both settings, the zoo and the cinema, are to be worked out. Based on the scientific panorama of the Hamburg zoo director Carl Hagenbeck and the...

The psychotherapy of alcohol dependence requires the therapist to classify the individual case in the phenomenological heterogeneity and to consider the individual addictive substance functionality in the relationship design and treatment planning. To this end, the author brings together the strands of typological alcoholism and consistency research according to Grawe. Empirically, the needs-based differentiation of five indicative subtypes of alcohol dependents and the prognosis of the therapy outcome is successful, although generally stable characteristics are more suitable than clinically fluctuating...

The limitation of employment contracts is currently - compared to previous years - a phenomenon that is applied more often than average in the modern working world. This "extension of the probationary period" has far-reaching effects on the legal situation of the contracting parties. In the event of incorrect fixed-term contracts, the employer in particular runs the risk of unintentionally seeing an employee with a permanent contract. This book deals in particular with multiple fixed-term contracts and, based on the...