Similar to how the number pi or Euler's constant e determine mathematics, fundamental natural constants mark the scales of the natural sciences. In contrast to mathematics, the origin of the fundamental natural constants is still a matter of controversy. This book presents a new perspective by means of a few axioms and, by comparing it with experimental data, establishes the resulting truth content. Through the axiomatic approach, the mysterious Sommerfeld fine structure constant and the Dirac cosmic number are defined...