Science, Mathematics, Computer Science

A tiny mathematical bottleneck (2 precisely calculated primary numbers) as the inevitable prerequisite for the formation of atomic matter becomes at the same time a wormhole into previously inaccessible, mysterious depths of the micro- and macrocosm. In addition to various answers to questions that are still open, a wealth of unknown things is revealed. In agreement with the results of experimental research, but not always with the ideas of current theories and models. Made possible by thinking that frees itself...

In recent decades, the frequency of flood events has increased significantly due to human intervention in the natural course of rivers. However, the population's awareness of the increased risk of flooding is low. In order to counteract this development, the observation of sustainable flood protection measures and their propagation in the public and in the educational sector are essential. The present work starts at this point and includes a series of lessons with ESD claim for the subjects of social...

Similar to how the number pi or Euler's constant e determine mathematics, fundamental natural constants mark the scales of the natural sciences. In contrast to mathematics, the origin of the fundamental natural constants is still a matter of controversy. This book presents a new perspective by means of a few axioms and, by comparing it with experimental data, establishes the resulting truth content. Through the axiomatic approach, the mysterious Sommerfeld fine structure constant and the Dirac cosmic number are defined...

In the course of the so-called energy transition, biomass makes a significant contribution to both energetic and material use. However, in the past a number of problem areas have become apparent that are associated with the cultivation and use of renewable raw materials that has been practiced up to now. In particular, the cultivation of renewable raw materials, which is geared towards a small number of crops, is associated with negative effects on agriculture and the environment. The cultivation and...

Similar to how the number pi or Euler's constant e determine mathematics, fundamental natural constants mark the scales of the natural sciences. In contrast to mathematics, the origin of the fundamental natural constants is still a matter of controversy. This book presents a new perspective by means of a few axioms and, by comparing it with experimental data, establishes the resulting truth content. Through the axiomatic approach, the mysterious Sommerfeld fine structure constant and the Dirac cosmic number are defined...

In many German districts, the integration of low-skilled workers into the labor market is becoming a business and economic challenge. Deficits in formal schooling and vocational training require company-based learning efforts in order to acquire professional skills and thus ensure the employability of workers in the long term. Using the example of the district of Cloppenburg in Lower Saxony, whose positive labor market development is considered a success story, especially for low and medium-skilled workers, four companies were selected that...

Among the Gram-negative pathogens, Escherichia coli(E. coli) is the main cause of nosocomial infections. As a result of antibiotic therapies, resistance develops, in E. coli mainly against beta-lactam antibiotics such as penicillins and cephalosporins (ESBL producers). This work describes the molecular genetic causes that contribute to the dissemination of cephalosporin resistance genes, blaCTX-M. Based on a collection of E. coli isolates from nosocomial infections, it could be shown that in addition to clonal spread of cephalosporin-resistant E. coli strains also...

The outstanding importance of phosphorus (P) in all living cells makes it an essential nutrient. Its pivotal use as a fertilizer and the finiteness as a natural resource lead to a new episode of historic importance: A possible upcoming phosphate crisis. In this book an overview of the role of phosphorus as a nutrient and as a fertilizer as well as the underlying soil dynamics is given. The flows of phosphorus in Austria are shown by using the method of...

Since the beginning of space travel, an enormous amount of man-made garbage has accumulated in space, so-called space debris. This scrap poses an ever-increasing threat to satellites and spacecraft. Even centimeter-sized particles can develop destructive force in a collision with a satellite. The space-based detection of space debris was defined as the secondary objective of DLR's astronomical mission AsteroidFinder, the primary objective of which is to detect near-Earth asteroids. The space-based observation has the advantage that no atmosphere can interfere...

The current work investigates two fundamental problems of small molecule organic solar cells (OSC): transparent top contacts and alternative donor materials. Transparent top contacts are a prerequisite for inverted, i.e. top-illuminated OSC on opaque substrates. This work documents that transparent, ultra-thin metal films are a possible solution to this challenge. It is shown that silver or gold layers with thicknesses Three diindenoperylene derivatives are introduced as green donor materials. Although these experiments are still at a very early stage, OSC...

The book begins with an introduction to the methodological and conceptual foundations of organic computing that is understandable for readers of all disciplines. The interdisciplinary research initiative refers to the biological paradigm of self-organized information processing in organic systems. Even the simplest biological organisms show specific phenomenal characteristics, such as goal orientation and adaptability, the scientific explanation of which within the theory of dynamic systems should enable the development of organically structured information technology. However, there is an explanatory gap...

On the order of a few nanometers, silicon shows new properties. What is special about nanocrystalline silicon is the occurrence of quantum effects. In this diploma thesis it was examined whether certain nanostructures, such as a superlattice with silicon nanocrystals, are suitable for photovoltaics or whether quantum effects could be used for energy conversion. For this purpose, nine different solar cells with quartz glass (as a non-photoactive substrate) were produced in order to make the photovoltaic effect of nanostructures accessible...