Science, Mathematics, Computer Science

In past decades, miniaturization of materials was immanent in all fields of technology, especially in semiconductor industry. Nowadays, miniaturization of semiconducting compounds has reached a level where established manufacturing processes reach their technical limits. Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) offers an alternative method for the deposition of ultra-thin metallic films, which is a crucial step in the fabrication of semiconducting compounds. Based on a chemical reaction between surface and gas phase, ALD is a process which touches both synthetic chemistry and...

Extensive forests of Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) can be found in the southern Kyrgyz Republic. The natural stands of Juglans regia, however, are under uncontrolled human impact. Therefore, an assessment of a population genetic analysis of these forests as well as permanent conservation efforts of managing genetic resources has gained great attention. This book provides a comprehensive population genetic analysis of Persian walnut across its entire geographical range in the southern Kyrgyz Republic. The chapters of this book aim...

In recent decades, the frequency of flood events has increased significantly due to human intervention in the natural course of rivers. However, the population's awareness of the increased risk of flooding is low. In order to counteract this development, the observation of sustainable flood protection measures and their propagation in the public and in the educational sector are essential. The present work starts at this point and includes a series of lessons with ESD claim for the subjects of social...

Based on phylogenetic analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana genomic sequences, uncharacterized fatty acid (FA) hydroxylases were identified. Among them were several cytochrome P450s (CYP). Active site model structures of some CYP enzymes revealed that the hydrophobicity in the heme binding site is very different between enzymes active and inactive towards conversion of FAs. Evidence is given that substrate specificity is conserved among phylogenetically related isoforms of CYP enzymes. Particular residues in the active site pocket play key roles in determining substrate...

In the course of the so-called energy transition, biomass makes a significant contribution to both energetic and material use. However, in the past a number of problem areas have become apparent that are associated with the cultivation and use of renewable raw materials that has been practiced up to now. In particular, the cultivation of renewable raw materials, which is geared towards a small number of crops, is associated with negative effects on agriculture and the environment. The cultivation and...

Rural households in Vietnam engage in a broad range of activities outside the agricultural sector. On the one hand, these include wage employment in construction, industries and services. On the other hand, there are numerous business and self-employment activities, for example in trade and handicrafts. Motives for participation are as diverse as the activities themselves. They range from risks and shocks in the agricultural sector, to higher and more secure incomes, to the realization of business opportunities. In this dissertation,...

In many German districts, the integration of low-skilled workers into the labor market is becoming a business and economic challenge. Deficits in formal schooling and vocational training require company-based learning efforts in order to acquire professional skills and thus ensure the employability of workers in the long term. Using the example of the district of Cloppenburg in Lower Saxony, whose positive labor market development is considered a success story, especially for low and medium-skilled workers, four companies were selected that...

Among the Gram-negative pathogens, Escherichia coli(E. coli) is the main cause of nosocomial infections. As a result of antibiotic therapies, resistance develops, in E. coli mainly against beta-lactam antibiotics such as penicillins and cephalosporins (ESBL producers). This work describes the molecular genetic causes that contribute to the dissemination of cephalosporin resistance genes, blaCTX-M. Based on a collection of E. coli isolates from nosocomial infections, it could be shown that in addition to clonal spread of cephalosporin-resistant E. coli strains also...

The dielectric heating of seeds can e.g. B. for thermal pre-treatment before processing. This leads to a rapid increase in temperature in the material to be dried, which can lead to microstructural changes in the seeds and inactivation of lipid-splitting enzymes. The present study was carried out to investigate the influence of dielectric heating using microwave and high-frequency waves as a function of duration and temperature on qualitative characteristics of rapeseed and two varieties of sunflower seeds with different fatty...

The max-cut problem is an NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem defined on undirected weighted graphs. It consists in finding a subset of the graph's nodes such that the aggregate weight of the edges between the subset and its complement is maximized. This book deals with a new separation approach to be used within a branch-and-cut algorithm for solving max-cut problems to optimality. The method is based on graph contraction and allows the fast separation of so-called odd-cycle inequalities. In addition, we...

Since the beginning of space travel, an enormous amount of man-made garbage has accumulated in space, so-called space debris. This scrap poses an ever-increasing threat to satellites and spacecraft. Even centimeter-sized particles can develop destructive force in a collision with a satellite. The space-based detection of space debris was defined as the secondary objective of DLR's astronomical mission AsteroidFinder, the primary objective of which is to detect near-Earth asteroids. The space-based observation has the advantage that no atmosphere can interfere...

The current work investigates two fundamental problems of small molecule organic solar cells (OSC): transparent top contacts and alternative donor materials. Transparent top contacts are a prerequisite for inverted, i.e. top-illuminated OSC on opaque substrates. This work documents that transparent, ultra-thin metal films are a possible solution to this challenge. It is shown that silver or gold layers with thicknesses Three diindenoperylene derivatives are introduced as green donor materials. Although these experiments are still at a very early stage, OSC...